Currently, fumaric acid is mainly
produced via chemical conversion of maleic anhydride. However,
this process demands the utilization of petrochemical raw materials
which can result in the depletion of conventional oil and the
deterioration of the global environment. Recently, the fermentation
route to produce fumaric acid has been stimulating much
interest not only because of the utilization of renewable raw materials
but also due to the potential of fixing CO2 as an additional carbon
source (Roa Engel et al., 2008).