Implications for research
Given the high incidence of back and pelvic pain in pregnancy
and the distress this causes many women in late pregnancy, more
research would be helpful to inform the advice given by prenatal
practitioners. Future studies would benefit from an agreed classifi-
cation system for categorising women according to their presenting
symptoms. Possible foci of future research might include: developing
and validating a classification system for pregnancy-related
back and pelvic pain, patient-education during early pregnancy on
specially-adapted exercises, the efficacy and safety of analgesics in
late pregnancy, and standardisation of outcome assessment. More
and better designed studies that build on the current evidence,
investigating the effects of physiotherapy, acupuncture and other
conservative and complementary treatments already being used by
pregnant women (Wang 2004) are also needed. Preventive studies
beginning early in pregnancy would be welcome to see if any of
these interventions will really prevent the development of back
Interventions for preventing and treating pelvic and back pain in pregnancy (Review) 27
Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
and pelvic pain. In order to establish the safety of interventions
we recommend that future studies measure the presence or absence
of adverse events. In addition, by incorporating validated
outcome measures into study designs that include work-related
absence along with pain and general disability, future reviews may
use meta-analyses to help determine the most effective interventions.
Implications for researchGiven the high incidence of back and pelvic pain in pregnancyand the distress this causes many women in late pregnancy, moreresearch would be helpful to inform the advice given by prenatalpractitioners. Future studies would benefit from an agreed classifi-cation system for categorising women according to their presentingsymptoms. Possible foci of future research might include: developingand validating a classification system for pregnancy-relatedback and pelvic pain, patient-education during early pregnancy onspecially-adapted exercises, the efficacy and safety of analgesics inlate pregnancy, and standardisation of outcome assessment. Moreand better designed studies that build on the current evidence,investigating the effects of physiotherapy, acupuncture and otherconservative and complementary treatments already being used bypregnant women (Wang 2004) are also needed. Preventive studiesbeginning early in pregnancy would be welcome to see if any ofthese interventions will really prevent the development of backInterventions for preventing and treating pelvic and back pain in pregnancy (Review) 27Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.and pelvic pain. In order to establish the safety of interventionswe recommend that future studies measure the presence or absenceof adverse events. In addition, by incorporating validatedoutcome measures into study designs that include work-relatedabsence along with pain and general disability, future reviews mayuse meta-analyses to help determine the most effective interventions.
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