In those days, fish grown in ponds was intended for private consumption and local markets. Since 2002, however, pond culture has been intensified to increase production for export (Lam et al. 2009). The financial margin of raising striped catfish in intensive ponds is better because less feed is spoiled in ponds than in cages where non-ingested feed is carried away by the river flow. Also, it is relatively easy to artificially reproduce, hatch, and nurse P. hypophthalmus. The increase in pond production is reflected in a shift in the species farmed (Fig. 1).