The expansion ratio of fried rice crackers mixed with fish powder content of 15 g/100 g increased with increase in frying temperature from 200 to 220 and 240 C (Table 3).
There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in expansion ratio between frying temperatures of 220 and 240 C at frying times of 20, 40, 60, and 120 s.
The expansion ratio of fried rice crackers mixed with fish powder content of 15 g/100 g increased slightly with increase in frying time at frying temperature of 200 C.
Higher amount of heat input at higher frying temperature and time caused greater water evaporation.
The escape of water during frying is influenced by the volumetric expansion of the fried product (Rossell, 2001).
In contrast, the bulk density of fried rice crackers mixed with fish powder content of 15 g/100 g decreased with increase in frying temperature from 200 to 220 and 240 C (Table 4).
The bulk density of fried rice crackers with fish powder content of 15 g/100 g changed slightly with increase in frying time at all frying temperatures (200, 220 and 240 C) as shown in Table 4.
Similar results were observed with rice crackers containing fish powder content of 5 and 10 g/100 g (data not shown).