phenological records at the experiment stations allow us to match exactly weather variables with farm-specific sowing, anthesis and harvesting dates, subsequently specific wheat growth phases, ineach year. Crop management practices at the experiment stations were generally same as or better than the local traditional practices.According to the long-term experiment records, the traditional management practices did not change much during the study period, although the cultivars were frequently shifted. Irrigation and fertilizer was used for several times every year, and pesticides were also used to control pests and diseases.