determined by counting the number of germinated seeds at 12-
h intervals over a 48-h period. The percentage of germination in
each treatment was calculated and compared to that of the control
which had been treated with distilled water without residue. The
percentage germination was calculated using the following equation:
Germination (%) = n/N
×
100, where n is the number of seeds
germinated and N is the number of seeds sown.