BETA-CASEIN A2 AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS.TECHNICAL FIELD.The invention relates The to the milk protein beta-casein A2 and regulating the levels of 5 glucose In blood. In, particular. The invention relates the to milk and milk derived food products.The applicant has found that the consumption of milk and milk products that contain high.Levels of the protein beta-casein A2 and the avoidance of milk and milk products containing.Beta-casein Al helps regulate or maintain glucose levels in blood. Regulation of blood.Glucose levels is beneficial for the management of a number of health problems associated 10 with hyperglycaemia, that included. The symptoms of type I and type II diabetes Notably the,,,Beneficial effect is immediate (acute) and additionally induces an ongoing (post-exposure to beta-casein Al beneficial.) Predisposition to regulating or maintaining blood glucose levels.BACKGROUND OF THE invention.15 Blood glucose levels often referred, to as blood sugar levels, or concentrations refer.To the amount of glucose present in the blood of a human or animal. Blood glucose levels fluctuate throughout, the day. Being lowest in the morning before eating rising for, an hour or two following each meal. The primary function of glucose. Is a source of energy. Glucose.From the diet enters the bloodstream from the intestines and is made available for cell 20 absorption via insulin. Glucose. May also be produced endogenously from carbohydrates or.Amino acid R-group side chain substrates through gluconeogenesis when sufficient dietary.Glucose is available.The levels of glucose in the blood are tightly regulated in mammals by metabolic.Processes. The human body maintains glucose levels at close to constant levels most of the 25 day. Insulin signaling directs. The body 's cells to take up glucose for their own use. If the.Glucose level inside cells is high some glucose, will be converted to the insoluble glycogen to.Prevent the soluble glucose from interfering with cellular metabolism. This lowers blood.Glucose levels and helps prevent hyperglycemia. A deficiency in insulin or the compromised.Ability to respond to insulin leads to diabetes. Glycogen is held as an energy reserve in the 30 liver and In muscle, tissue. If a person 's glycogen stores are full extra glucose, will be.Converted to fat and stored.Hyperglycemia refers to a state of persistently high levels of blood glucose. Diabetes.Mellitus is the most prominent disease resulting from a failure of blood sugar regulation.The classical symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination (polyuria), increased 35 thirst (polydipsia and.) Increased hunger (polyphagia). Long term complications directly.Linked to hyperglycemia include cardiovascular disease chronic renal failure and diabetic,,,Retinopathy.Type I diabetes results from the body 's failure to produce insulin and is, sometimes referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes. Or juvenile diabetes. Those suffering from type I.2.Diabetes typically control, insulin levels and consequently blood glucose levels by injecting, insulin. Type II diabetes. Stems from resistance, to insulin where cells fail to use or respond to insulin properly and is, sometimes referred to as. Adult-onset diabetes. Both type I and.Type II diabetes are chronic conditions that cannot be cured. Medical intervention therefore 5 targets prevention of hyperglycemia. And also management of the symptoms once.Hyperglycemia has been diagnosed.Milk mainly bovine, milk consumed in, populations throughout, the world is a major.Source of protein in human diets. Bovine milk typically assembly with around 30 grams per litre.Of protein. Caseins make up the largest component (80%), of that protein and beta-caseins 10 make up about 37% of the, caseins. In the past two decades the body of evidence.Implicating, casein proteins especially beta-caseins in a, number of health disorders has.Been growing.The beta-caseins can be categorised as beta-casein Al and beta-casein A2. These two proteins are the predominant beta-caseins. In milk consumed in most human.15 populations. Beta-casein Al differs from beta-casein A2 by a single amino acid. A histidine.Amino acid is located at position 67 of the 209 amino acid sequence of, beta-casein AlWhereas a proline is located at the same position of beta-casein A2. This single amino acid.Difference, is however critically important, to the enzymatic digestion of beta-caseins in the.Gut. The presence of histidine at position 67 allows a protein fragment which assembly with seven 20 amino acids known as,, Beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), to be produced on enzymatic.Digestion. Thus BCM-7 is, a digestion product of beta-casein Al. In the case of beta-casein.A2 position 67, is occupied by a proline which hinders cleavage of the amino acid bon.
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