There are four possible treatment process flows that can be
envisaged in the near future. First, it is expected that the MFC
process could be integrated into the process flow of a conventional
system replacing the AS or TF systems. In this case, the MFC would
be used in a manner similar to that of a TF in a TF/solids contact
(SC) arrangement (see Fig. 7a). Second, MFC can be a pretreatment
unit for a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process (Fig. 7b). In present
paper, it has been predicted that MFC-adsorption hybrid system
can be a great hybrid treatment system in the near future due to
the great ability of the adsorption column in removing various
types of pollutants in wastewater. MFC-adsorption hybrid system
can be presented in the form of either ex-situ (Fig. 7c) or in-situ
system configurations (Fig. 7d).