The burgeoning trade with Asia in the in seventeenth century led to the first trading of stocks in chartered companies. Ship captains would sell shares in voyages to the East Indies to pay for the ship and crew up front, and in return the investor would receive a portion of the profits if the ship did not sink. These first "corporations" did not last more than a few voyages, but they evolved into the East Indian companies of Holland, Britain, and France [5]. These new companies shared dividends on successful voyages and amassed large fleets and profits for investors. This led to a craze in shares of similar companies and a market collapse in England when most of the offerings turned out to be fraudulent. Crucially, because of this early panic, stock trading was banned in the United Kingdom, a prohibition that lasted until 1825 [5].