countries with high expenditure on everything (Mazumder et al., 2011). Tourism contributes about 12% to the GDP
in 2013 and expected to contribute about 12.5% in the year 2014 (All Business Daily, 2014).
Table 1: Disaster Life Cycle Models
Author Type of Disaster Content of the model
Roberts (1994) Natural Disaster
–Flood
1. Pre-event Phase
2. Emergency Phase
3. Intermediate Phase
4. Long-term Phase (Recovery)
Fink (1986) General 1. Prodormal Stage
2. Acute Stage
3. Chronic Stage (Recovery)
4. Resolution Stage
Faulkner (2001) Natural Disaster
–Flood
1. Pre-event
2. Prodormal
3. Emergency
4. Intermediate
5. Long-term (Recovery)
6. Resolution
Mitroff (1988)
Pearson and Mitroff (1993)
Management 1. Signal detection
2. Preparation/ Prevention
3. Containment/ Damage limitation (Recovery)
4. Learning
Wilks and Moore (2005) Genera 1. Reduction
2. Readiness
3. Response
4. (Recovery)