4 Anti-CENP-A antibody-specific motifs identified using phage display
peptide libraries
Insight into the antigen-contact site of anti-CENP-A antibodies came from Mahler et al.
[118,119], who used sequential peptide scanning and mutational analysis. This work first
identified several proline- and arginine-rich sequences within the immunodominant epitopes
[118], which were further refined the motif to [119], where X is any amino acid
(Table 2). This short motif is present two times in the amino terminus of CENP-A. Since, the
same motif is also found in CENP-B, it was speculated that the motif was at the basis of the
apparent cross-reactivity between CENP-A and CENP-B [119]. Subsequent analyses revealed
that antibodies to the CENP-A-derived peptides Ap1-17 and anti-Ap17-30 (both containing
) did not cross-react with CENP-B [18,101,102], suggesting that the motif
does not completely define the antigenic determinant of these antibodies. An alternative, more powerful strategy for defining the motif amino acids of an antibody
population involves the use of a phage display peptide library (PDPL). A PDPL consists of a collection of phage clones engineered to express up to 109 peptides of a defined length and highly
variable sequence. Peptides can either be linear or cysteine-constrained, the latter allowing the
identification of conformational epitopes [121]. The library is screened with an antibody, in a
process called “panning”, to select those phages that express on their surface a peptide with
affinity for the paratope (antibody’s binding site for antigens). The selected phage clones are
amplified and the sequences of their peptides, which correspond to the antibody’s epitope, are
determined. We previously used this technology to determine the antigenic motifs of monoclonal
[121,122] and polyclonal [117,123] antibodies, and therefore applied it as well in the study of
anti-CENP-A antibodies from SSc patients.
4 Anti-CENP-A antibody-specific motifs identified using phage displaypeptide librariesInsight into the antigen-contact site of anti-CENP-A antibodies came from Mahler et al.[118,119], who used sequential peptide scanning and mutational analysis. This work firstidentified several proline- and arginine-rich sequences within the immunodominant epitopes[118], which were further refined the motif to [119], where X is any amino acid(Table 2). This short motif is present two times in the amino terminus of CENP-A. Since, thesame motif is also found in CENP-B, it was speculated that the motif was at the basis of theapparent cross-reactivity between CENP-A and CENP-B [119]. Subsequent analyses revealedthat antibodies to the CENP-A-derived peptides Ap1-17 and anti-Ap17-30 (both containing) did not cross-react with CENP-B [18,101,102], suggesting that the motifdoes not completely define the antigenic determinant of these antibodies. An alternative, more powerful strategy for defining the motif amino acids of an antibodypopulation involves the use of a phage display peptide library (PDPL). A PDPL consists of a collection of phage clones engineered to express up to 109 peptides of a defined length and highlyvariable sequence. Peptides can either be linear or cysteine-constrained, the latter allowing theidentification of conformational epitopes [121]. The library is screened with an antibody, in aprocess called “panning”, to select those phages that express on their surface a peptide withaffinity for the paratope (antibody’s binding site for antigens). The selected phage clones areamplified and the sequences of their peptides, which correspond to the antibody’s epitope, aredetermined. We previously used this technology to determine the antigenic motifs of monoclonal[121,122] and polyclonal [117,123] antibodies, and therefore applied it as well in the study ofanti-CENP-A antibodies from SSc patients.
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