School Environment
To qualitatively measure the school environment, Question # 10 of the TIMSS school background questionnaire is selected. The question reads as follows:
10) Cooperation and Collaboration:
a. Does your school have an official policy related to promoting cooperation and collaboration among teachers? (Yes or No)
b. Are teachers in your school encouraged to share and discuss instructional ideas and material? (Yes or No)
c. Do teachers in your school meet regularly to discuss instructional goals and issues? (Yes or No)
School Outcome
The school outcome construct was assessed using two questions, namely, Question # 13 of the school background questionnaire and Question # 17 of the TIMSS student background questionnaire. The questions read, respectively, reads as follows:
13) How much influence principal/head of school have in determining the curriculum that is taught in your school?
a. None (1)
b. A little(2)
c. Some(3)
d. A lot(4)
17) How well do you usually do in mathematics and science at school?
a. I usually do well in mathematics (Strongly Agree-Agree-Disagree-Strongly Disagree)
b. I usually do well in science (Strongly Agree-Agree-Disagree-Strongly Disagree)
d. Counseling and disciplining of students