if the reader possessed some topical knowledge related to the text that test taker was reading, those new information from the text would hang on to the already existing pegs in the reader’s mind. They could then be memorized and recalled faster than the information without previous knowledge (schema) for them. Since ESL readers encoded meaning in ways that were different from native English speakers, Carrell (1984) suggested that teaching ESL readers the text structures of academic prose facilitated reading comprehension. When form and content were familiar, reading and writing were relatively easy. But when one or both were unfamiliar, efficiency, effectiveness and success were problematic.