In this paper, we analyzed the solutions currently available for
the implementation of urban IoTs. The discussed technologies
are close to being standardized, and industry players are already
active in the production of devices that take advantage of these
technologies to enable the applications of interest, such as those
described in Section II. In fact, while the range of design options
for IoT systems is rather wide, the set of open and standardized
protocols is significantly smaller. The enabling technologies,
furthermore, have reached a level of maturity that allows for the
practical realization of IoT solutions and services, starting from
field trials that will hopefully help clear the uncertainty that still
prevents a massive adoption of the IoT paradigm. A concrete
proof-of-concept implementation, deployed in collaboration
with the city of Padova, Italy, has also been described as a
relevant example of application of the IoT paradigm to smart
cities