Effective diversity management has historically been used to provide a legally defensible
position against charges of discrimination. A firm with a diverse workforce could argue in
legal proceedings that they were not guilty of discrimination since their workforce
demographics represented the local community. However, there has been considerable
debate on the areas of difference between equal opportunities and managing diversity in
literature. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and Affirmative Action (AA) are to a
large extent, a product of the civil rights movement of the 1960s and the liberal political
philosophy (Webb 1997). Diversity Management is ‘a movement away from or an
alternative model to traditional EEO policies and practices or the second generation of
EEO’ (Thompson 1997, p. 195). In contrast to the negative perspective of discrimination
against staff in EEO the emphasis of diversity management is on a positive perspective of
differences among all individuals (Maxwell et al. 2001). Diversity management does not
only recognize but also values and harnesses workforce differences, such as individual
characteristics, backgrounds, orientations and religious beliefs, so that individual talents
are being fully utilized and organizational goals are met. While EEO is primarily driven by
legislation, diversity management is driven by the business case (Kandola and Fullerton
1994). Diversity management takes advantage of the growing cultural pluralism that
results from the internationalization of business, development of world markets, growing
workforce mobility, and the increasing awareness of individual differences (Lawler 1996).
Equal employment opportunity starts externally and is enforced through legislation,
whereas diversity management starts internally, through the efforts to create an
atmosphere of equality and a fully inclusive organizational culture at work (Gordon 1995).
These discussions lead to a conclusion that while diversity management includes a
commitment to EEO and AA, the actual scope of diversity management is a lot broader
(Kossek et al. 2005). First, diversity management seeks to overcome labour market
segregation through addressing inequalities based on individual differences, such as race,
gender and class (Horwitz, Bowmaker-Falconer and Searll 1996). Second, diversity
management emphasizes valuing and taking advantage of individual differences, mainly
cultural pluralism, in order for all people to maximize their potential, which is beyond
legal compliance-oriented equal employment opportunity.
Effective diversity management has historically been used to provide a legally defensibleposition against charges of discrimination. A firm with a diverse workforce could argue inlegal proceedings that they were not guilty of discrimination since their workforcedemographics represented the local community. However, there has been considerabledebate on the areas of difference between equal opportunities and managing diversity inliterature. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and Affirmative Action (AA) are to alarge extent, a product of the civil rights movement of the 1960s and the liberal politicalphilosophy (Webb 1997). Diversity Management is ‘a movement away from or analternative model to traditional EEO policies and practices or the second generation ofEEO’ (Thompson 1997, p. 195). In contrast to the negative perspective of discriminationagainst staff in EEO the emphasis of diversity management is on a positive perspective ofdifferences among all individuals (Maxwell et al. 2001). Diversity management does notonly recognize but also values and harnesses workforce differences, such as individualcharacteristics, backgrounds, orientations and religious beliefs, so that individual talentsare being fully utilized and organizational goals are met. While EEO is primarily driven bylegislation, diversity management is driven by the business case (Kandola and Fullerton1994). Diversity management takes advantage of the growing cultural pluralism thatresults from the internationalization of business, development of world markets, growing
workforce mobility, and the increasing awareness of individual differences (Lawler 1996).
Equal employment opportunity starts externally and is enforced through legislation,
whereas diversity management starts internally, through the efforts to create an
atmosphere of equality and a fully inclusive organizational culture at work (Gordon 1995).
These discussions lead to a conclusion that while diversity management includes a
commitment to EEO and AA, the actual scope of diversity management is a lot broader
(Kossek et al. 2005). First, diversity management seeks to overcome labour market
segregation through addressing inequalities based on individual differences, such as race,
gender and class (Horwitz, Bowmaker-Falconer and Searll 1996). Second, diversity
management emphasizes valuing and taking advantage of individual differences, mainly
cultural pluralism, in order for all people to maximize their potential, which is beyond
legal compliance-oriented equal employment opportunity.
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