One type of mental imagery—visual imagery—is well
documented. Visual imagery involves imagining what
an object looks like while one is not actually seeing the
object or event. The effect of visual imagery on consumer
behavior has been investigated for decades (Adaval, Isbell,
and Wyer 2007; Adaval and Wyer 1998; Dahl, Chattopadhyay,
and Gorn 1999; Escalas 2004; Hung andWyer 2011;
Peck and Shu 2009; Rajagopal and Montgomery 2011; Shiv
and Huber 2000; Unnava, Agarwal, and Haugtvedt 1996;
Wyer, Hung, and Jiang 2008). No research we are aware
of, however, has investigated the effects of another type of
mental imagery on consumer behavior, namely, olfactory
imagery, or the ability “to experience the sensation of smell
when an appropriate stimulus is absent” (Stevenson and
Case 2005, 244). Our research seeks to fill this gap.
Until recently, researchers in psychology did not agree
on the existence of olfactory imagery (Crowder and Schab
1995; Engen 1991; Herz 2000). However, a growing body
of evidence suggests that olfactory imagery does exist, and
that imagining what odors smell like afffects human
One type of mental imagery—visual imagery—is well
documented. Visual imagery involves imagining what
an object looks like while one is not actually seeing the
object or event. The effect of visual imagery on consumer
behavior has been investigated for decades (Adaval, Isbell,
and Wyer 2007; Adaval and Wyer 1998; Dahl, Chattopadhyay,
and Gorn 1999; Escalas 2004; Hung andWyer 2011;
Peck and Shu 2009; Rajagopal and Montgomery 2011; Shiv
and Huber 2000; Unnava, Agarwal, and Haugtvedt 1996;
Wyer, Hung, and Jiang 2008). No research we are aware
of, however, has investigated the effects of another type of
mental imagery on consumer behavior, namely, olfactory
imagery, or the ability “to experience the sensation of smell
when an appropriate stimulus is absent” (Stevenson and
Case 2005, 244). Our research seeks to fill this gap.
Until recently, researchers in psychology did not agree
on the existence of olfactory imagery (Crowder and Schab
1995; Engen 1991; Herz 2000). However, a growing body
of evidence suggests that olfactory imagery does exist, and
that imagining what odors smell like afffects human
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