Revenue arising from the sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the buyer, which is typically
at the point that title passes, and the revenue can be reliably measured.
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods provided in the normal
course of business, net of discounts, customs duties and sales taxes.
Physical exchanges are reported net, as are sales and purchases made with a common counterparty, as part of an arrangement similar to a physical
exchange. Similarly, where the group acts as agent on behalf of a third party to procure or market energy commodities, any associated fee income is
recognized but no purchase or sale is recorded. Additionally, where forward sale and purchase contracts for oil, natural gas or power have been
determined to be for trading purposes, the associated sales and purchases are reported net within sales and other operating revenues whether or not
physical delivery has occurred.
Generally, revenues from the production of oil and natural gas properties in which the group has an interest with joint operation partners are recognized
on the basis of the group’s working interest in those properties (the entitlement method). Differences between the production sold and the group’s
share of production are not significant.
Interest income is recognized as the interest accrues (using the effective interest rate that is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash
receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to the net carrying amount of the financial asset).
Dividend income from investments is recognized when the shareholders’ right to receive the payment is established.