This is a side-angle-side similarity theorem analogous to side-angle-side congruence theorem I.4.
Here’s a summary of the proof. Construct a triangle DGF equiangular with triangle ABC. Then triangle DGF is similar to triangle ABC ( VI.4), and that gives us the proportion
BA : AC = GD : DF.
But we have assumed the proportion
BA : AC = ED : DF,
and these two proportions together give us
GD : DF = ED : DF
(V.11), from which it follows that GD = ED (V.9). Therefore triangles DEF and DGF are congruent, and the rest follows easily.