Cobb-Walgren et al. (1995) conducted the pioneering
research to measure consumer-based brand equity (CBBE)
based on the conceptualization of Aaker (1991) and Keller
(1993). Their study relies on a consumer-based perceptual
measure of brand equity, namely, brand awareness, brand
associations and perceived quality. Yoo and Donthu (2001),
in an effort to find a parsimonious measure for CBBE,
developed a multidimensional model and tested the model
using the cross-cultural data. They found that CBBE was a
three-dimensional construct composed of brand loyalty,
perceived quality and brand awareness/associations
(combining brand awareness and brand associations into one
dimension). Yoo and Donthu’s (2001) CBBE scale was later
validated by Washburn and Plank (2002). Netemeyer et al.
(2004) suggested that core facets of brand equity should be
measured by three elements, including perceived
quality/perceived value, uniqueness and willingness to pay a
price premium.