Prior research has yielded discrepant findings regarding change in caregiver burden or depressive symptoms after institutionalization of persons with dementia. However, earlier studies often included small post-placement samples. In samples of 1,610 and 1,116 dementia caregivers with up to 6-months and 12-months post-placement data, respectively, this study identified predictors of change in caregiver burden and depressive symptoms following nursing home admission (NHA). Descriptive analyses found that caregivers reported significant and considerable decreases in burden in the 6- and 12-month post-placement panels. A number of variables predicted increased burden and depressive symptoms in the 6- and 12-month post-placement panels. Pre-placement measures of burden and depressive symptoms, site (Florida), overnight hospital use, and spousal relationship appear to result in impaired caregiver well-being following NHA. Incorporating more specific measures of stress, considering the influence of health-related transitions, and coordinating clinical strategies that balance caregivers’ needs for placement with sustainability of at-home care are important challenges for future research.