Metabolic rate,heart rate,and cold discomfort were
analyzed as mean values during steady-state conditions
at baseline(t–10–0), cooling(t10–20), and intervention(t30–50).
Core body and mean skin temperatures were analyzed at the
end of baseline(t0) and cooling(t20) and as a change from
the start to the end of the intervention(t20–50). Normally
distributed continuous data were compared using a repeated
measures analysis of variance.When a significant main
effect was revealed,Student’s t test for pairwise compar-
isons with Fisher’s least significant difference adjustment
for multiple comparisons was performed to identify differ-
ences among the 4 conditions.Ordinal data were compared
using Friedman’s test.When a significant main effect was
revealed, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test was performed to
identify differences among the 4 conditions.Cold discom-
fort ratings from one of the trials were lost during the data
processing and for this parameter cases were excluded test-
by-test during the analysis.Statistical significance was
defined as a probability value of less than.05(2-sided),
and SPSS18.0 software(SPSS,Inc,Chicago,IL)wasused
for the analysis.
Metabolic rate,heart rate,and cold discomfort were analyzed as mean values during steady-state conditions at baseline(t–10–0), cooling(t10–20), and intervention(t30–50).Core body and mean skin temperatures were analyzed at theend of baseline(t0) and cooling(t20) and as a change from the start to the end of the intervention(t20–50). Normally distributed continuous data were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance.When a significant main effect was revealed,Student’s t test for pairwise compar-isons with Fisher’s least significant difference adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed to identify differ-ences among the 4 conditions.Ordinal data were compared using Friedman’s test.When a significant main effect was revealed, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test was performed to identify differences among the 4 conditions.Cold discom-fort ratings from one of the trials were lost during the data processing and for this parameter cases were excluded test-by-test during the analysis.Statistical significance was defined as a probability value of less than.05(2-sided),and SPSS18.0 software(SPSS,Inc,Chicago,IL)wasusedfor the analysis.
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