The potentially beneficial bacteria were grown in MRS broth for 18 h at 37 ◦C, while indigenous RLS-associated pathogens, S. aureus and Escherichia coli were grown in nutritive broth for 12 h at 37 ◦C. Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and Salmonella enteritidis were grown in BHI broth in the same conditions.