This review highlights the current status and control of liver fluke infections in the Mekong Basin countries
where Opisthorchis and Clonorchis are highly endemic. Updated data on prevalence and distribution have
been summarized from presentations in the “96 Years of Opisthorchiasis. International Congress of Liver
Flukes”. It is disturbing that despite treatment and control programs have been in place for decades, all countries
of the Lower Mekong Basin are still highly endemic with O. viverrini and/or C. sinensis as well as alarmingly
high levels of CCA incidence. A common pattern that is emerging in each country is the difference in
transmission of O. viverrini between lowlands which have high prevalence versus highlands which have
low prevalence. This seems to be associated with wetlands, flooding patterns and human movement and settlement.
A more concerted effort from all community, educational, public health and government sectors is
necessary to successfully combat this fatal liver disease of the poor.