Carotenoids are non-polar compounds which impart the yellow, orange, and red hues to a number of commonly consumed fruits and vegetables. Some carotenoids, like β-carotene, serve as an important source of provitamin A in the human diet. In contrast, consumption of the carotenoid lycopene has been associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease and cancer. The consumption of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene have also been associated with a reduced severity of erythema after ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure. A better understanding of the absorption, metabolism, and bioefficacy of these compounds is important for making future nutritional recommendations to ensure adequate vitamin A status and reduce the risk of developing specific chronic diseases. Novel varieties of tomatoes which accumulate β-carotene, lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene were used in our studies.
Our first aim was to determine if the consumption of a β-carotene-rich tomato sauce with lipid (in the form of avocado fruit) would enhance the delivery of greater quantities of vitamin A as compared to consuming the same sauce without lipid. This objective was accomplished by quantitating the immediate post-prandial plasma concentrations of β-carotene and vitamin A metabolites after healthy subjects consumed both test meals. Consumption of the sauce with avocado increased β-carotene levels by 2.3 fold and increased retinyl esters (i.e. vitamin A) by 4.5 fold as compared to sauce alone.
Carotenoids are non-polar compounds which impart the yellow, orange, and red hues to a number of commonly consumed fruits and vegetables. Some carotenoids, like β-carotene, serve as an important source of provitamin A in the human diet. In contrast, consumption of the carotenoid lycopene has been associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease and cancer. The consumption of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene have also been associated with a reduced severity of erythema after ultraviolet B (UVB) light exposure. A better understanding of the absorption, metabolism, and bioefficacy of these compounds is important for making future nutritional recommendations to ensure adequate vitamin A status and reduce the risk of developing specific chronic diseases. Novel varieties of tomatoes which accumulate β-carotene, lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene were used in our studies. Our first aim was to determine if the consumption of a β-carotene-rich tomato sauce with lipid (in the form of avocado fruit) would enhance the delivery of greater quantities of vitamin A as compared to consuming the same sauce without lipid. This objective was accomplished by quantitating the immediate post-prandial plasma concentrations of β-carotene and vitamin A metabolites after healthy subjects consumed both test meals. Consumption of the sauce with avocado increased β-carotene levels by 2.3 fold and increased retinyl esters (i.e. vitamin A) by 4.5 fold as compared to sauce alone.
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