Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is an autosomal-dominant hereditary cancer syndrome caused by missense
gain-of-function mutations of the rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene, which encodes the receptor
tyrosine kinase, on chromosome 10. It has a strong penetrance of medullary thyroid carcinomas and can be
associated with bilateral pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type
2 is divided into three varieties depending on its clinical features: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, multiple
endocrine neoplasia type 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. The specific rearranged during transfection
mutation may suggest a predilection toward a particular phenotype and clinical course of medullary thyroid
carcinoma, with strong genotype-phenotype correlations. Offering rearranged during transfection testing is the
best practice for the clinical management of patients at risk of developing multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 has become a classic model for the integration of molecular medicine into
patient care. Recommendations on the timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy and extent of surgery are based on the
classification of rearranged during transfection mutations into risk levels according to genotype-phenotype
correlations. Earlier identification of patients with hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma can change the
presentation from clinical tumor to preclinical disease, resulting in a high cure rate of affected patients and a much
better prognoses.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is an autosomal-dominant hereditary cancer syndrome caused by missensegain-of-function mutations of the rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene, which encodes the receptortyrosine kinase, on chromosome 10. It has a strong penetrance of medullary thyroid carcinomas and can beassociated with bilateral pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type2 is divided into three varieties depending on its clinical features: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, multipleendocrine neoplasia type 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. The specific rearranged during transfectionmutation may suggest a predilection toward a particular phenotype and clinical course of medullary thyroidcarcinoma, with strong genotype-phenotype correlations. Offering rearranged during transfection testing is thebest practice for the clinical management of patients at risk of developing multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, andmultiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 has become a classic model for the integration of molecular medicine intopatient care. Recommendations on the timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy and extent of surgery are based on theclassification of rearranged during transfection mutations into risk levels according to genotype-phenotypecorrelations. Earlier identification of patients with hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma can change thepresentation from clinical tumor to preclinical disease, resulting in a high cure rate of affected patients and a muchbetter prognoses.
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