Analysis of BVCs present in the beer samples was measured using dynamic headspace extraction methods and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatiles from 100 ml of each sample was assessed by enclosing the sample bottle in a polyacetate bag and pumping air from the bag through a small cartridge filled with 1 mg of tenax® and 1 mg of carbotrap® activated charcoal at a flow rate of 50 ml/min for 30 min. A control was taken from an empty polyacetate bag sampled for the same duration. GC-MS analysis of the samples was carried out using a Varian CP-3800 GC (Varian, Palo Alto, California) with a 30 m x 0.25 mm internal diameter (film thickness 0.25 μm) Alltech EC-WAX column coupled to a Varian 1200 quadruple mass spectrometer in electron-impact ionization mode. Cartridges were placed in a Varian 1079 injector equipped with a “Chromatoprobe” thermal desorbtion device. Helium was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 ml min-1. The injector was held at 40ºC for 2 min with a 20:1 split and then increased to 200ºC at 200ºC min-1 in splitless mode for thermal desorbtion. After a 3 min hold at 40ºC, the GC oven was ramped up to 240ºC at 10ºC min-1 and held there for 12 min. Compounds were identified using the Varian workstation software with the NIST05 mass spectral library and verified, where possible, using retention times of authentic standards and published Kovats indices. Compounds present at similar abundance in the control were considered to be contaminants and excluded from analysis. To ensure accuracy with quantification of emission rates, standards were injected into cartridges and thermally desorbed under identical conditions to the samples.