where RN, R0, Vp and V0 represent,respectively,the radii of
nanoparticle with and without protein,the volume of the bound
protein molecule and the volume of nanoparticle without protein.
In this work,because the diameter of the bare AuNPs measured
from TEM is13.4nm,the radius and the volume per AuNP are
approximately equal to 6.7nm and 1260nm3 (4/3π6.73 nm3),
respectively.Following the equilateral triangular prism model
with sides of 8.4nm and a height of 3.15nm for serum albumin
in solution [36,37], the volumeper HSA molecule can be estimated
to be close to 96.3nm3 (3.151/28.42sin(π/3) nm3). The radius