The dystocia has been a long-standing problem in
both beef and dairy industry, occurring in 3 to 25% of
cattle pregnancies. It is one of the most serious
complications of pregnancy in cattle and buffaloes and is
associated with numerous factors such as pelvic area of
the cow, birth weight of the calf, age of dam, twin
pregnancy, presentable disposition, gestation length, sex
of the calf, body condition of the cow at calving,
hormonal status and nutrition of dam (Noakes et al.,
2001). Calving difficulty can lead to increased post
parturient disorders such as retained placenta, uterine
infections, increased veterinary costs, reduction of milk
production, failure to conceive, long calving intervals, and
reduced health of cows and survival of calves (Bellows
and Lammoglia, 2000).