If we now let G loosely represent the loan, then the amount that the bond-holder receives at maturity, in excess of the loan, would be a bonus. As a result, the bond becomes more valuable and a bond-buyer would be willing to pay a higher price than G. On the other hand, if the payout at maturity is perceived to be less than the loan G, then the bond-buyer will not purchase the bond unless the price is less than the loan amount