• Multiple method “weight-of-evidence” approaches for source verification of illicit discharges
• Continued and persistent impairment of urban water quality and ecological status by polluted stormwater outfalls
• Inefficiency of existing compliance and enforcement procedures for misconnections
• Significance of misconnected household appliances to potential in-stream pollution loadings
• Variability in national/local estimates of misconnection rates and remediation cost-estimates