It also remains unclear how chocolate-induced emotional changes are mediated. Sensory pleasure (for an overview: Rozin, 1999), hunger reduction (Gibson & Desmond, 1999), and activation induced by stimulating ingredients of cocoa (Rogers & Smit, 2000) are discussed as possible mediators. Time of occurrence may be a feature that distinguishes between them: pleasure due to stimulation of the senses should occur shortly before, during and immediately after eating, hunger reduction and psycho-pharmacological activation some time later.