This rationality was gradually displaced by populationist concern for the hap- piness of populations, combining dimensions of public order, well-being and culture. The individuals and populations as collective entities were to be rationally disciplined in order to promote the well being of the popu- lation, its reproduction, pacified social relations and economic productivity. Economics became as important as military science for state power. In that sense, the cameral sci- ences were the melting-pot of contemporary public policies.