People may have interests not only as individuals, but also as members of a
community. Jordan (1987a) suggests that in cases where there is a common threat, people
'co-operate to reduce the risks of all'. The outstanding example is national defence in
wartime, when each individual is considered to be affected by the threat to the whole. It
may be in these cases that some individuals have personal positions which conflict with the
good of others - for example, a trader who loses business with the enemy power - in which
case it is possible to say that their interests as individuals conflict with their interests as a
member of a group.