To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the bacterial community structure in the coastal sediment of ASSBY using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The present study showed that anthropogenic activities at ASSBY significantly affected the bacterial community structure at ASSBY. The bacterial community shifts from Gammaproteobacteria to Betaproteobacteria can serve as an effective bioindicator of anthropogenic pollution. The results of this study also provide vital information on indigenous bacterial communities at ASSBY, which is beneficial in designing in situ bioremediation strategies.