HRM interventions, derived from an HR strategy, are then understood to give rise to HRM-related
outcomes, typically manifested in shifts in employee attitudes and behaviours (as with Figure 1). But as
we have seen, how this takes place - if, indeed, it does - remains somewhat neglected in empirical studies.
What does seem clear is that the mere presence of such practices is unlikely to be sufficient. The quality
of implementation – in terms of effectiveness, procedural justice, etc – is a vital determinant of the success or otherwise of an organisation‟s HRM programme. Moreover, as Ramsay et al (2000), and the
handful of other studies documenting the negative consequences of HRM attest, some changes in
employees‟ attitudes and behaviours may not be what the HR strategy intended