Although Clusters 2, 3 and 4 mainly seek self-care support, Cluster 2 seeks collective support, and Clusters 3 and 4 seek both collective and personal support. Two features characterize the background of seeking collective support. First, patients in Clusters 2 and 3 were likely to be independent in terms of the care-need level, their ADL scores were relatively high and they tended to go out frequently. The DEVs of these 2 clusters were ≥50 on Ability to Acquire Knowledge of the IDSCA and were relatively high on the Motivation to Self-Management of IDSCA. Thus, the first feature of seeking collective support is that individuals with high ADL scores who go out frequently hope to participate actively in diabetes classes and to acquire knowledge about self-care. In contrast, patients in Cluster 4 tended to require assistance and go out infrequently. The DEV of Ability to Acquire Knowledge of the IDSCA was not high, and the DEV of Ability to Make the Most of the Support Available of the IDSCA was relatively low. Accordingly, the second feature of seeking collective support is that individuals with low ADL scores who communicate with others infrequently hope to communicate and link with others through classes and gatherings. Accordingly, we consider it important for any collective support program to provide classes as well as peer-support programs. Two features characterize seeking personal support. Patients in Cluster 3 tended to be treated with insulin, and the DEV of Hope of Safe Medical Therapy was relatively high. Thus, the first feature of seeking personal support is that persons who are treated with insulin and are worried about hypoglycemia strongly hope to get personal advice concerning difficulties with self-care, including emergency responses such as treatment of hypoglycemia. In addition, patients in Cluster 4 were unlikely to have reliable persons, and the DEV of Ability to Make the Most of the Support Available of the IDSCA and the ADL score were relatively low. Thus, the second feature of seeking personal support is that persons who suffer anxiety associated with low ADL and lack the support of reliable persons hope to get personal advice on self-care and life, including emergency response. Whether such patients seek each support or both, the collective and personal support should be considered in any management program.