This “dual use” model, together
with the rising cost of ever-larger com-puting and data-analysis systems,
along with a host of new design challenges
at massive scale, are raising
new questions about advanced computing
research investment priorities,
design, and procurement models, as
well as global collaboration and competition.
This article examines some
of these technical challenges, the
interdependence of computational
modeling and data analytics, and the
global ecosystem and competition for
leadership in advanced computing.
We begin with a primer on the history
of advanced computing.