CIRO approach: In 1970, the CIRO model for the evaluation of managerial training was proposed (Warr, Bird & Rackson, 1970). This model was based on the evaluation of four aspects of training: context, input, reaction and outcomes. According to Tennant, Boonkrong and Roberts (2002), the CIRO model focuses on measurement both before and after the training has been carried out. The main strength of the CIRO model is that the objectives (context) and the training equipment (input) are considered. Context Evaluation focuses on factors such as the correct identification of training needs and the setting of objectives in relation to the organisation‟s culture and climate. Input evaluation is concerned with the design and delivery of the training activity. Reaction evaluation looks at gaining and using information about the quality of training experience. Outcome evaluation focuses on the achievement gained from the activity and is assessed at three levels: immediate, intermediate and ultimate evaluation. Immediate evaluation attempts to measure changes in knowledge, skills or attitude before a trainee returns to the job. According to Santos and Stuart (2003) intermediate evaluation refers to the impact of training on the job performance and how learning is transferred back into the workplace. Finally, ultimate evaluation attempts to assess the impact of training on departmental or organisational performance in terms of overall results.