The paper is mainly based on two tests. The first compares information transfers between
firms from different countries that are using the same accounting standards and firms
from different countries that are not using the same accounting standards. This test is
not explicitly about IFRS, therefore, but the paper appears to be directed at IFRS rather
than at other forms of transnational GAAP (eg, US GAAP). Also, this test is not confined to
mandatory adopters, but includes information transfers from and to voluntary adopters.