Brand Loyalty
Loyalty is a core dimension of brand equity. Aaker (1991, p. 39) defines brand loyalty as the
attachment that a customer has to a brand. Grembler and Brown (1996) describe different levels of
loyalty. Behavioural loyalty is linked to consumer behaviour in the marketplace that can be indicated
by number of repeated purchases (Keller 1998) or commitment to rebuy the brand as a primary
choice (Oliver 1997, 1999). Cognitive loyalty which means that a brand comes up first in a
consumers’ mind, when the need to make a purchase decision arises, that is the consumers’ first
choice. The cognitive loyalty is closely linked to the highest level of awareness (top-of-mind), where
the matter of interest also is the brand, in a given category, which the consumers recall first. Thus, a
brand should be able to become the respondents’ first choices (cognitive loyalty) and is therefore
purchased repeatedly (behavioural loyalty) (Keller 1998).