In recent years a new supervisory role has emerged, monitor of instruction. This role has been shaped by interpretations of the school effectiveness teaching literature which suggests a relationship between effectiveness as defined by this literature and Close monitoring Of teachers and teaching by supervisors (typically the school principal). In such schools a tight alignment often exists between specific and standardized objectives and the curriculum, the curriculum and specific teaching' methods and protocols, teaching `and testing. As monitor of instruction the supervisor is responsible for ensuring that teachers are teaching to the objectives and using the proper teaching protocols most likely to result in achievement of these objectives. In addition to direct and frequent observation of teachers emphasis is placed on periodic and systematic testing of students.