ASFV is very stable at pH 4–10 but is inactivated in minutes at pH < 4 or >11.5 in serum-free media (EFSA 2010). In serum, the virus can remain infectious for 6 years at 5 °C (41 °F) and for days at pH 13.4 in 25% serum. ASFV is inactivated by heating at 60°C (140°F) for 30 minutes (Plowright and Parker 1967) or 56°C (133°F) for 70 minutes (Mebus 1988). Many solvents are able to inactivate the virus by disrupting the lipid envelope, but ASFV is resistant to proteases and nucleases (Plowright and Parker 1967).