However, even if some gene forms could be shown to possibly constraint a person to displaying criminal behavior, one must first obtain enough data showing that other people without those gene polymorphisms or mutations are immune from such behavior. Furthermore, one must show that all the possessors of these polymorphisms and/or mutation would be forced to display this behavior, for lack of criminal responsibility to be claimed. Moreover, even if such conditions are met, the potential effects of genes and SNPs related to the ‘‘aggressive/impulsive phenotype’’might be modulated by epigenetic interactions, such as epistasis, and these may even prove to be protective toward criminal behavior. Prior to collecting such data, it would be preferable to leave things as they are and rely on clinical assessment and on what is already known about psychiatric conditions and criminal responsibility.