[0033] The thus obtained vital gluten has better flavor, color and water การกระจายตัวได้ than those of the conventional products obtained by the spray drying method using acid, alkali, a reducing agent or the like.
The vital gluten obtained by the present production method has better
25 การกระจายตัวได้ than that of the conventional products, and the dispersion
สารละลาย to be obtained consequently has a low viscosity with low
stickiness. For example, the สารละลายการกระจายตัว in which the vital gluten containing 0.1 wt% of เวเว obtained by the present production method is dispersed in water so that
a concentration is 10 wt% has a viscosity of about 10 mPa•s (25°C).
5 On the other hand, the vital gluten obtained by the conventional spray
drying is not dispersed even when added to water to have the same concentration but forms an agglomerate.
Thus, the สารละลายการกระจายตัว with a lower viscosity than that of a สารละลายการกระจายตัว obtained by using a conventional material can be
10 prepared by the การประดิษฐ์นี้, enabling the preparation of a
สารละลายการกระจายตัว having a higher gluten concentration which can
significantly reduce the drying cost.
[0034] Further, when such a สารละลายการกระจายตัว is heated, a gel having
the viscoelasticity distinctive to gluten can be obtained. More
15 specifically, the vital gluten of the การประดิษฐ์นี้ is easily dispersed
in water, and the สารละลายการกระจายตัว is easy to handle due to the low viscosity. The vital gluten also forms a gel having the viscoelasticity originated from gluten when heated and thus can be used for various food products as always has been, hence being excellent.
20 [0035] (Method for producing a gluten gel)
The method for producing a gluten gel of the การประดิษฐ์นี้ ประกอบรวมด้วย preparing a dispersion สารละลาย of gluten containing เวเว, and heating the สารละลายการกระจายตัว
to gelatinize the gluten. The gluten gel of the การประดิษฐ์นี้ has the
25 gluten separated from grains as the principal component, and provides
the viscoelastic texture derived from the gluten gel. Specific examples
รวมถึง nama-fu (wet gluten), age-fu (fried nama-fu), fu-manju (gluten bun), yaki-fu (baked gluten) obtained by adding wheat flour, baking powder, or glutinous rice flour to gluten, and kneading and toasting the
mixture, and gluten meats. The gluten may be any of wet gluten
5 prepared from grains, vital gluten, or wet gluten obtained by kneading
the vital gluten with water.
[0036] Other raw materials can be added as desired to the สารละลายการกระจายตัว ของกลูเตน in addition to the เวเว as long as the การกระจายตัวได้ is not adversely affected. The gluten
10 concentration in the สารละลายการกระจายตัว is not particularly limited, and
ทททคือ 5 wt% or more, ทททกว่าคือ 10 wt% or more, and
ทททคือ 35 wt% or less, and ทททกว่าคือ 25 wt% or less. Within these ranges, the สารละลายการกระจายตัว has fluidity, hence is easily molded, and the texture distinctive to the gluten gel is provided. The heating
15 temperature is not particularly limited. and typically 60 to 70°C or
higher at which the gluten starts to denature. The สารละลายการกระจายตัว is molded by being filled in a mold, or the like, as necessary and heated. The heating method of สารละลายการกระจายตัว is not also particularly
limited and may be steam heating, boiling, frying, or baking, as long as
20 the inside is heated. The สารละลายการกระจายตัว has fluidity before heated
but the gluten is gelatinized by heating, whereby the gluten gel having the elastic texture distinctive to gluten is obtained.
[0037] For the preparation of a gluten gel, it is difficult to mold because of the poor fluidity caused by the viscoelasticity distinctive to the
25 gluten. For this reason, when a fu-manju is produced, a sweet rice
flour, or the like, is added to and kneaded with a gluten to prepare a
dough, which is then torn, molded, and steamed with heating. The viscoelasticity of dough makes the press molding difficult and the bun must still be manually produced by craftsman, failing to achieve the
continuous production. อย่างไรก็ตาม, according to the method for
5 producing a gluten gel of the การประดิษฐ์นี้, the preparation of the
สารละลายการกระจายตัว is easy and, in addition, the continuous process from molding to heating is enabled.
[0038] Next, the measurement methods used in the การประดิษฐ์นี้ are described.
10 (Viscosity of สารละลายการกระจายตัว ของกลูเตน)
A viscosity at 25°C immediately after gluten is homogeneously dispersed in water of a 10 weight times of a dry weight of gluten is measured using a rotating viscometer (manufactured by TOKIMEC Inc.).
15 Examples
[0039] Hereinafter, embodiments of the การประดิษฐ์นี้ are described with reference to Examples, but they are only examples and the spirit of the การประดิษฐ์นี้ is not limited thereto. Note that, in Examples, all % refer to the weight basis.
20 [0040] (Production Example of เวเว)
After threshing 50 kg of pea seeds, water in a 5 times amount was added and the seeds were immersed therein. The seeds were crushed using a homomixer (5000 rpm, 30 minutes), whereby proteins
and starches were extracted. The components such as proteins and
25 starches dispersed in water were removed using a centrifugal filter at
1500 x g for 20 minutes, thereby collecting the fiber. Further, water in
a 5 times amount was added to the fiber and stirred using a homomixer (3000 rpm, 30 minutes), thereby collecting the fiber using a centrifugal filter (1500 x g, 20 minutes). The procedure was repeated twice and
the fiber was freeze-dried, thereby obtaining 10 kg of the pea fiber. 80
5 parts of the pea fiber was dispersed in 920 parts of water, pH was
adjusted to 5 using hydrochloric acid, and the สารละลายการกระจายตัว was then heated at 120°C for 90 minutes, thereby extracting water-soluble
pea โพลีแซคคาไรด์. Amylase (Fungamyl: manufactured by
Novozymes A/S) equivalent to 0.2 parts to 100 parts of the pea fiber
10 was added to the extract to decompose the starch, and subsequently the
insoluble fiber was removed using a centrifugal separator (5000 rpm, 30 minutes), thereby collecting the supernatant. Ethanol was added to the supernatant to give a concentration of 60 wt% to precipitate the
เวเว, the precipitate was purified using 90
15 wt% water-containing ethanol, and the obtained precipitate was dried in
air, thereby obtaining เวเว A.
[0041] (Table 1) Sugar composition and average absolute molecular mass
Sugar composition (%) Average
Water-soluble pea
โพลีแซคคาไรด์ A
GalA Ara Gal Gic Rha Xyl Fuc
16,8 40.6 22.4 6.2 6.4 7.3 0.3
Total
sugar
content
92.6
absolute
molecular
mass
800,000
GalAgalacturonic acid, Ara arabinose, Gal galactose, Glc glucose, Rha rhamnose, Xyl xylose, Fuc fucose
20 [0042] เวเว A contained galacturonic acid
as the constituent sugar and the neutral sugars of arabinose and galactose as the major constituent sugars. The average absolute molecular mass was 800000, which was a polymeric โพลีแซคคาไรด์.
[0043] (Example 1: Vital gluten containing water-soluble pea โพลีแซคคาไรด์)
Using water-soluble pea โพลีแซคคาไรด์ A as the เอเอ for a low viscosity สารละลายการกระจายตัว ของกลูเตน,
5 1.5 kg of a wet gluten (water content 67%) prepared from wheat flour
was added to 3.5 kg of distilled water containing 0.05% of A, and homogeneously dispersed using a homodisper (Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The gluten was dispersed satisfactorily, and the obtained
สารละลายการกระจายตัว had a low viscosity. Subsequently, the dispersion
10 สารละลาย was fed with stirring to a spray drying apparatus, thereby
obtaining a vital gluten.
[0044] (Comparative Example 1: Vital gluten containing water-soluble soybean โพลีแซคคาไรด์)
A vital gluten was obtained exactly in the same method as in
15 Example 1, with the exception that water-soluble soybean
โพลีแซคคาไรด์ ("Soya Fibe-S" / FUJI OIL CO., LID.) were used in lieu of the เวเว A.
[0045] (Comparative Example 2: Vital gluten obtained by using acetic acid)
20 A สารละลายการกระจายตัว was adjusted to pH 4.6 using an เอเควียส
สารละลาย of acetic acid in lieu of an เอเควียส สารละลาย of the เวเว A used in Example 1. The สารละลายการกระจายตัว was consistent having a viscosity of about 500
mPa•s. If the สารละลายการกระจายตัว was used directly, a drying efficiency
25 at the time of spray drying is reduced and hence water was added to a
concentration of 8 wt%, at which a viscosity of the สารละลายการกระจายตัว
was about 100 mPa•s. A vital gluten was obtained exactly in the same method, except what was described above.
[0046] (Comparative Example 3: Vital gluten obtained by using ammonia)
5 A สารละลายการกระจายตัว was adjusted to pH 9.3 using an เอเควียส
สารละลาย of ammonia in lieu of the เอเควียส สารละลาย of acetic acid used in Comparative Example 2. A vital gluten was obtained exactly in the same method, except what was described above.
[0047] (Control Group 1)