3. Hypotheses Development
GSCM practice is a multi-dimensional concept which can
be measured from different perspectives. Different
dimensions of GSCM practices have been highlighted in the
past literature [11] [24] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]. In 2005, Zhu
et al. [30] proposed a four-dimensional GSCM practices,
namely internal environmental management, external GSCM,
eco-design and investment recovery. Holt and Ghobadian [31]
suggested internal environmental management practices,
logistics, supplier assessment and evaluation, green