Adhesiveness shows that in those formulations with low protein
content there was a strong positive correlation with initial moisture
level (Fig. 3d). A marked interaction was found, at high protein
concentration lowering water content slightly increased pasta
adhesiveness. Pasta adhesiveness is related to the amount of starch
granules that exudates from the pasta matrix into the cooking
water and coats the surface of the product (Dexter, Matsuo, &
MacGregor, 1985). A positive relationship between cooking loss
and adhesiveness was observed (R2 ¼ 0.96, P < 0.05).