Aside from political considerations, the Eurobanks developed as a
result of profit considerations. Since costly regulations are imposed on
U.S. banks, banks located outside the United States could offer higher
interest rates on deposits and lower interest rates on loans than their U.S.
competitors. For instance, U.S. banks are forced to hold a fraction of their
deposits in the form of non-interest bearing reserves. Because Eurobanks
are essentially unregulated and hold much smaller reserves than their U.S.
counterparts, they can offer narrower spreads on dollars. The spread is the
difference between the deposit and loan interest rate. Besides lower
reserve requirements, Eurobanks also benefit from having no governmentmandated interest rate controls, no deposit insurance, no
government-mandated credit allocations, no restrictions on entry of new
banks (thus encouraging greater competition and efficiency), and low
taxes. This does not mean that the countries hosting the Eurobanks do
not use such regulations. What we observe in these countries are two sets
of banking rules: various regulations and restrictions apply to banking in
the domestic currency, whereas offshore banking activities in foreign currencies go largely unregulated.
Aside from political considerations, the Eurobanks developed as aresult of profit considerations. Since costly regulations are imposed onU.S. banks, banks located outside the United States could offer higherinterest rates on deposits and lower interest rates on loans than their U.S.competitors. For instance, U.S. banks are forced to hold a fraction of theirdeposits in the form of non-interest bearing reserves. Because Eurobanksare essentially unregulated and hold much smaller reserves than their U.S.counterparts, they can offer narrower spreads on dollars. The spread is thedifference between the deposit and loan interest rate. Besides lowerreserve requirements, Eurobanks also benefit from having no governmentmandated interest rate controls, no deposit insurance, nogovernment-mandated credit allocations, no restrictions on entry of newbanks (thus encouraging greater competition and efficiency), and lowtaxes. This does not mean that the countries hosting the Eurobanks donot use such regulations. What we observe in these countries are two setsof banking rules: various regulations and restrictions apply to banking inthe domestic currency, whereas offshore banking activities in foreign currencies go largely unregulated.
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