The HBL (80 ◦C, 20 min) was obtained from the factory in Sabzevar city (Khorasan province, Iran) and transferred to the
place of experiment. The HBL was a mixture of bird excreta (urine and feces), bedding material including wood shaving,
feathers and dropped feed. To remove large particles and facilite acceptable mixing with the other concentrate ingredients,
the BL which was passed through a 6 mm screen, supplied by the factory.