V. CONCLUSION
Shanks et al. (2003) described the first ERP wave as the acquisition, configuration, and implementation of the ERP system, while the second wave focuses on making continuous improvements and maximizing the benefits from the ERP system. Implementation issues no longer need to be the primary concern of researchers. Rather, the focus should be on ERP's overall firm benefits and the ongoing effective utilization of the ERP system. In their study of the "second wave" of ERP systems, Rikhardsson and Kræ mmergaard (2006) report that the ERP system can facilitate change in the basic assumptions (e.g., predominant language, value, culture, etc.) within the organization, and also the specific processes, rules, and procedures that are followed. The net result is that organizational outcomes are not determined by the ERP implementation; rather, outcomes are based upon the subsequent utilization of the ERP system (Rikhardsson and Kræ mmergaard 2006). An ERP system interacts with the actors of the organization; the outcome of the interaction is only partially predictable and, hence, the perspective that an ERP system is a deterministic technology is not valid (Boudreau and Robey 2005). The changes resulting from the ERP implementation reported by the organizations studied were seldom fully predicted in the short or in the long run.