A salient finding of this study is that both patient groups had significant impairment on measures of verbal learning and recollection when compared with age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects. Results from the processdissociation task confirm previous reports that patients with BD have recollection memory problems; the deficits were striking and not accounted for by mood symptoms at the time of assessment. Results from the CVLT demonstrated deficits in immediate and short- and long-delay free recall and cued recall when patients were compared with control subjects. Comprehensive reviews of neuropsychological function in BD conclude that cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with BD are particularly prominent in the domains of verbal learning and memory and, more specifically, in the acquisition, encoding and retrieval of information, compared with retention.31,53-58 The lack of performance differences between patient groups and comparison subjects on the CVMT is consistent with some59-62 but not all studies.